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Geochemical and stable isotope studies of life cycle of ore deposits and technology transfer

The objective of this project is to facilitate the applications of the full potential of integrated stable isotope (C,H,N,O,S) noble gas isotope, and fluid inclusion gas and solute chemistry techniques to multidisciplinary studies of fundamental processes that occur over the entire life cycle of mineral resources. These studies become the basis for new knowledge required for the development of scientifically defensible strategies for assessing the mineral resources in the U.S. and worldwide, for predicting the potential environmental impact of exploitation, and for remediating the consequences of mining. The knowledge acquired in these studies is not specific to mineral resources and can be applied to a broad spectrum of societally relevant issues. Among these issues are the relation between hydrothermal alteration and landslides, the controls of cyanide degradation in ore processing, accidental spills and heaps undergoing closure, and the relation of life cycle mineral resources processes to water quality and human health. In addition, this knowledge can be applied to study of ecosystems and plant and animal ecology. Achievement of objectives requires:

development and maintenance of state-of-the-art stable isotope, noble gas isotope, fluid inclusion gas, and fluid inclusion solution chemistry laboratories that are widely accessible to MRP and GD scientists,
integration of these laboratories to create a unique capability in which data from all of the techniques can be routinely obtained on the same sample,
development of new techniques that create new research possibilities for Discipline scientists,
application of these techniques in specific multidisciplinary studies that produce fundamental knowledge about processes that affect the life cycles of ore deposits including the consequences of mining,
application of these techniques to problems where mineral resources interface with hazards, ecosystems, health, and groundwater issues,
development of multidisciplinary outside-funded projects with scientists in other GD programs, WRD, BRD, academia and other agencies in support of MRP objectives, including aggressively creating, marketing, and facilitating outside-funded opportunities,
active pursuit of funding from USGS Venture Capital source for studies which open new frontiers of science,
mentoring of students and young scientists in support of MRP and GD objectives,
timely stable isotope geochemical support for MRP as well as other Division scientists.

Project Chief:

Robert Rye	Box 25046 MS 963 Denver, CO 80225	(303) 236-7907 rrye

Products

Products are listed according to task:

Tasks	Title
Task 1	Application of stable isotope techniques to critical gaps in knowledge of fundamental processes that occur over the life cycle of ore deposits
Task 2	Nitrogen and carbon isotopes in cyanide remediation
Task 3	Fluid inclusion - solute chemistry
Task 4	Fluid inclusion - gas chemistry
Task 5	Fluid inclusion - noble gas isotope geochemistry
Task 6	Stable isotope analytical services
Task 7	Stable isotope technique development by continuous flow IRMS methods
Task 8	Development of ion mircoprobe and laser techniques for stable isotope studies
Task 9	Transfer of life cycle of mineral resources stable isotope technology to BRD and WRD

Task 1 - Application of stable isotope techniques to critical gaps in knowledge of fundamental processes that occur over the life cycle of ore deposits

Posters Delivered

Landis, G.P. Rye, R.O., and Johnson, C.A., 1999, Stable and Radiogenic Isotope, and Geochemical Research-Biologic Resources Division and Geologic Division Cooperative Research: On-going Research, Potential Applications, and Opportunities: GD and BRD executive leadership meeting, Breckinridge, CO, August 1999.

Presentations Delivered

Cunningham, C.G., Austin, G.W., Naeser, C.W., Rye, R.O., Stamm, R.G., and Barker, C.E., 2000, Thermal history study begins to yield clues about formation of Carlin-type gold deposits in Utah: Geology and ore deposits 2000: the Great Basin and Beyond, A Geological Society of Nevada Symposium, May 15-18, 2000, Program with abstracts, pp. 43-44.
Deyell, C., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 2000, Mineralogy, stable isotopes and fluid inclusion gas chemistry studies of alunite from the Tambo deposit, El Indio district, Chile: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Deyell GSA abstract.
Field, C.W., Rye, R.O., Dilles, J.H., and Gustafson, L.B., 2000, Sulfur isotope abundances of hypogene sulfate-sulfide assemblages in porphyry-type deposits of the American western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Field GSA abstract.
Fifarek, R. and Rye, R.O., 2000, Stable isotope systematics of the Pierina Au-Ag deposit, Peru: Implications for magmatic-hydrothermal processes in the epithermal acid-sulfate environment: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-49. View Fifarek GSA abstract.
Juliani, C., Nunes, C.M.D., Bettencourt, J.S., Silva, R.H.C., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Early Proterozic volcanic-hosted quartz-alunite epithermal deposits in the tapajos gold province, Amazonian craton, Brazil: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Juliani GSA abstract.
Lueth, V.W., Rye, R.O., and Peters, L., 2000, The origin and natural distruction of an ore deposit as recoreded by jarosite: Hansonburg mining distict, New Mexico: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-109. View Lueth GSA abstract 1.
Lueth, V.W., Rye, R.O.,. and Peters, L., 1999, Age and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermal jarosite at the Copaipo jarosite mine, New Mexico, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 31, no. 7, p. A403.
Lueth, V.W.,. Rye, R.O., and Peters, L, 2000, Hydrothermal "sour gas" jarosite ancient and modern acid sulfate mineralization events in the Rio Grande Rift: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Lueth GSA abstract 2.
Lueth, Virgil W., Rye, Robert O. and Peters, Lisa, 1999, The applications of jarosite geochronology and stable isotope geochemistry to ore deposit genesis and weathering - some examples from the Rio Grande Rift: New Mexico Geological Society Annual Meeting, Socorro, New Mexico, p. 12.
Rye, R.O., 2000, A review of the stable isotope Geochemistry of sulfate minerals in volcanic environments and related hydrothermal systems: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Rye GSA abstract.
Shanks, W.C., III, Rye, R.O., Kokaly, R. Livo, K.E., and Gemery, P.A., 2000, Stable isotope study of alunite from Yellowstone National Park: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 32, no. 7, p. A-49. View Shanks GSA abstract.
Zimbelman, D.R., Breit, G.N., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Sulfate minerals in active andesitic stratovolcanoes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol.32, no. 7, p. A-48. View Zimbelman GSA abstract.

Reports Delivered

Barton, P.B., Rye, R.O., Bethke, P.M., 1999, The evolution of the Creede caldera and its relation to mineralization in the Creede mining district, Colorado, in Creede Formation Drilling Volume, eds. Bethke, P.M. and Hay, R., Geol. Soc. Am. Special Publication, pp. 301-326.
Bethke, P.M., Rye, R.O., and Finkelstein, D.B. , 1999, Isotopic studies of authigenic sulfides, silicates, and carbonates and calcite and pyrite veinlets in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains Colorado, in Creede Formation Drilling Volume, eds. Bethke, P.M., and Hay, R., Geological Soc. America Special Publication , pp. 267-286.
Cunningham, C.G., Steven, T.A., Rye, R.O., Rowley, P.D., Romberger, S.B., and Selverstone, J., 1998, Genesis of hydrothermal uranium deposit in the central mining area, Marysvale volcanic field, west-central Utah: Mineralium Deposita, vol. 33, pp. 477-494.
Ebert, S.W. and Rye, R.O, 1997, Secondary precious-metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot/Lewis hot-spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate: Economic Geology, vol. 92, pp. 578-600.
Emsbo, P. Hutchinson, R.W., Hofstra, A.H., Volk, J.A., Bettles, K.H., Baxchuck, G.J., and Johnson, C.A., 1999, Syngenetic Au on the Carlin trend: implications for Carlin-type deposits: Geology, vol. 27, pp. 59-62.
Hofstra, A.H. and Rye, R.O., 1998, Deuterium and ¹⁸O data on Carlin type gold deposits: implications for genetic models, in R.M. Tosdal, ed., Contributions to the gold metalogeny in northern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-338, pp. 202-210.
Johnson, C.A. and Harlow, G.E., 1999, Guatemala jadeitites and albitites were formed by deuteriumrich fluids deep within a subduction zone, Geology, vol. 27, pp. 629-632.
Rye, R.O. and Alpers, C.N. , 1997, The stable isotope geochemistry of jarosite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-88, 28 pp.
Rye, R.O., Bethke, P.M., Lanphere, M.A., and Steven, T.A., 2000, Neogene geomorphic and climatic evolution of the central San Juan Mountains, CO: K/Ar age and stable isotope data on supergene alunite and jarosite from the Creede mining district, in Creede Formation Drilling Volume, eds. Bethke, P.M., and Hay, R., Geol. Soc. Am. Special Publication, pp. 95-103.
Rye, R.O., Bethke, P.M., and Finkelstein, D.B., 2000, Stable isotope evolution and paleolimnology of Ancient Lake Creede in eds. Bethke, P.M., and Hay, R.: Geol. Soc. Am. Special Publication pp. 233-266.
Sanjines, O., Cunningham, C.G., Tavera, F. Zartman, R.E., McKee, E.H., Rye, R.O., Naeser, C.W., and Ericksen, G.E., 1997, Cerro Rico de Potosi-Boliva, Edad y Temperatura, de Formacion: VIII congreso Geologico Chileno Actas, vol III, Antofagasta, Chile, 13-17 Octubre, 1997, pp. 1144-1147.
Seal, R. Alpers, C.N., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals, in Mineralogic Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy, eds. C.N. Alpers, J. Jambor, and D.K. Nordstrom, pp. 541-602.
Volkert, R.A., Johnson, C.A., and Tamashausky, A.V., 1999, Mesoproterozoic graphite deposits, New Jersey Highlands: geologic and stable isotopic evidence for algal origins: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 37, pp. 1665-1675.

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Task 2 - Nitrogen and carbon isotopes in cyanide remediation

Posters Delivered

Databases: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 11.02 (2004)
Johnson, C.A, Grimes, D.J., Leinz, R.W., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Cobalt-cyanide complexing in ore processing effluents at gold mines: significance for cyanide persistence and cobalt mobility: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, vol. 37, p. 179. View Johnson GSA abstract 1.
Grimes, D.J., Johnson, C.A., Leinz, R.W., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Diel cycles in cyanide speciation and metal concentrations in effluent downstream of a cyanidation heap leach operation: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, vol. 32, p. A-210. View Grimes GSA abstract.

Presentations Delivered

Johnson, C.A., 2002, The environmental risks of cyanide use in the processing of gold ores: Lecture in USGS Western Region Colloquium Series.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., Leinz, R.W., Breit, G.N., and Rye, R.O., 2001, The critical importance of strong cyanocomplexes in the remediation and decommissioning of cyanidation heap leach operations: Final Program, 130th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, pp. 9-10.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 1998, Accounting for cyanide and its degradation produces at three Nevada gold mines: constraints from stable C- and N-isotopes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 30, p. A-79. View Johnson GSA abstract 2.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 1999, Fate of cyanide used in processing of gold ores: new evidence from isotopic measurements: Ninth Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) Contribution no. 971, pp. 141-142.
Johnson, C.A., Plumlee, G., and Emsbo, P., 1995, N- and C-isotope geochemistry of cyanide in mine drainage: methods and first results: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Abstracts, XXI General Assembly, p. A-232.
Rye, R.O. and Johnson, C.A., 1996, The use of stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope data in quantifying cyanide degradation in mine drainage: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 28, p. A-528

Reports Delivered

Grimes, D.J., Johnson, C.A., and Rye, R.O., 1999, Accuracy of cyanide analysis: lessons from on-site analyses in the USGS mobile geochemical laboratory, and implications for heap leach regulatory and closure issues, in Closure, Remediation and Management of Precious Metals Heap Leach Facilities, Kosich, D., and Miller, G., eds. , Reno, University of Nevada, pp. 63-71.
Johnson, C.A., 1995, Methods for analysis of ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹³C/¹²C in solid and aqueous cyanides - an interim report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-206, 11 pp.
Johnson, C.A., 1996, Determination of ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹³C/¹²C in solid and aqueous cyanides: Analytical Chemistry, vol. 68, pp. 1429-1431.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., Leinz, R.W., Breit, G.N., and Rye, R.O., 2001, The critical importance of strong cyanocomplexes in the remediation and decommissioning of cyanidation heap leach operations, in Cyanide: social, industrial, and economic aspects: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, pp. 35-49.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 1998, Accounting for cyanide and its degradation products at three Nevada gold mines: constraints from stable C- and N-isotopes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-753, 16 pp.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 1999, Cyanide behavior in heap leach circuits: a new perspective from stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope data, in Closure, Remediation and Management of Precious Metals Heap Leach Facilities, Kosich, D., and Miller, G., eds. , Reno, University of Nevada, pp. 55-62.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Fate of process solution cyanide and nitrate at three Nevada gold mines inferred from stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope measurements: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 109, pp. C68-C78.
Johnson, C.A., Leinz, R.W., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 2002, Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap: Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 36, pp. 840-845.
Rye, R.O. and Johnson, C.A., 1997, The use of stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope data in quantifying cyanide degradation in mine drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-82, 12 pp.

Workshops Delivered

Grimes, D.J., Johnson, C.A., and Rye, R.O., 1999, Accuracy of cyanide analyses: lessons from on-site analyses in the USGS mobile geochemical laboratory, and implications for heap leach regulatory and closure issues: Abstract Volume, Workshop on Closure, Remediation & Management of Precious Metals Heap Leach Facilities, January 14, 1999, University of Nevada, Reno, p. 16.
Johnson, C.A., 1999, The fate of cyanide in heap leach gold recovery operations: Lecture in Colorado School of Mines Seminar Series.
Johnson, C.A., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 1999, Cyanide behavior in heap leach circuits: a new perspective from carbon and nitrogen isotope data: Abstract Volume, Workshop on Closure, Remediation & Management of Precious Metals Heap Leach Facilities, January 14, 1999, University of Nevada, Reno, p. 12.

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Task 3 - Fluid inclusion - solute chemistry

Reports Delivered

Bouabdellah, M., Leach, D.L., Anthony, M., and Emsbo, P., 2002, Solute Compositions of Fluid Inclusions in Sulfides and Gangue Minerals From Touissit-Bou Beker-El Abed Mississippi Valley-Type Ore deposits Northeastern Morocco and Adjacent Algeria.
Dobes, P., Zak, K., Leach, D., and Viets, J., 1998, Late to post-Variscan hydrothermal activity along the Bohemicum/Moldanubicum boundary (Bohemian Massif): Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Geologica, 42(2), p. 227.
Dobes, P., Zak, K., Leach, D., and Viets, J., 1998, The Bohemian Quartz lode and adjacent vein in the Bohemian Massif: An example of fluid circulation in a shear zone: Abstracts of PACROFI VII Conference, Las Vegas, NV, A. Vanko, J.S. Cline (eds. ), Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 98-4, p. 25.
Dobes, P.,Viets, J., Zak, K., and Leach, D., 1997, Pb-Zn vein mineralization of the Stribro ore district, Bohemian Massif: An example of epithermal fluid circulation: ECROFI XIV Meeting, Nancy, Abstracts. p. 17.
Emsbo, P., 2003, Spikes In The Global ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr Record Due To Oceanic Venting Of Basinal Brines During Sedex Hydrothermal Events: USGS Central Region Colloquium talk, April 10.
Emsbo, P., and Breit, G., 2004, Spikes in the Global ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr Record due to oceanic venting of basinal brines during sedex hydrothermal events, in Bradley, D.C, and Dewey, J., Secular Variation in Tectonics and Allied Fields, Penrose Short course Proceedings, pp. 19-21
Hofstra, A. H., and Emsbo, P, 2005, Source of salt in hydrothermal fluids based on Na-Zn-Br of fluid inclusions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 69, no. 10S, p. 881.
Kozlowski, A., Leach, D.L., and Viets, J.G., 1997, Genetic characteristics of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Silesian-Cracow ores, Poland: Prace Geologiczne (Polish Geological Institute Quarterly), vol. CLIV, pp. 73-84.
Leach, D.L., Viets, J.G., and Gent, C.A., 1997, Sulfur isotope geochemistry of ore and gangue minerals from the Cracow-Silesian Mississippi Valley-type ore district, southern Poland: Prace Geologiczne (Polish Geological Institute Quarterly), vol. CLIV, pp. 123-137.
Leach, D.L., Viets, J.G., Kozlowski, A., and Kibitlewski, S., 1996, Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of the Silesia-Cracow zinc-lead district, southern Poland: Society of Economic Geologists, Special Publication no. 4, pp. 144-170.
Leach, D.L., Viets, J.G., and Powell, J.W., 1997, Textures of ores from the Cracow-Silesian lead-zinc deposits: Clues to the ore-forming environment: Prace Geologiczne (Polish Geological Institute Quarterly), vol. CLIV, pp. 37-50 and 6 color plates.
Leach, D.L., Marsh, E., Emsbo, P., Rombach, C.S., Kelley, K.D., and Anthony, M., 2004, Nature of the Hydrothermal Fluids at the Shale-Hosted Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, vol. 99, pp. 1449-1480.
Leach, D.L., Macquar, J.C., Lagneau, V., Leventhal, J., Emsbo P., and Premo, W., 2006, Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposits at Trèves, Cévennes region of southern France: Geofluids, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24-44.
Viets, J.G., Hofstra, A.H., and Emsbo, P., 1996, Solute compositions of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from North American and European Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits: Ore fluids derived from evaporated seawater: Society of Economic Geologists, Special Publication no. 4, pp. 465-482.
Viets, J.G., Hofstra, A.H., and Emsbo, P., 1997, The composition of fluid inclusions in ore and gangue minerals from Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposits of the Cracow-Silesia region of southern Poland: Genetic and environmental implications: Prace Geologiczne (Polish Geological Institute Quarterly), vol. CLIV, pp. 85-104.
Viets, J.G., Leach, D.L., Lichte, F.E., Hopkins, R.T., Gent, C.A., and Powell, J.W, 1997, Paragenetic and minor and trace-element studies of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits of the Cracow-Silesia district, southern Poland: Prace Geologiczne (Polish Geological Institute Quarterly), vol. CLIV, pp. 51-71.
Zak, K., Durisova, J., Strnad, L., Golias, V., Leach, D., Snee, L., Viets, J., and Stein, H., 1998, The evolution of pressure, temperature and composition of hydrothermal fluids in a regional shear zone during retrograde metamorphism, regional uplift and cooling; The Kasperske Hory gold deposit case study (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic): Abstracts of PACROFI VII Conference, Las Vegas, NV, A. Vanko, J.S. Cline (eds. ), Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 98-4, p. 73.

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Task 4 - Fluid inclusion - gas chemistry

Reports Delivered

Anthony, M., Emsbo, P., and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Determination of solute composition of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals by ion chromatography: Applications to ore genesis studies: GSA Abstracts with Programs, vol. 34, No. 6, p. 340. View Anthony GSA abstract.
Cline, J.S. and Hofstra, A.,H., 2000, Ore fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit: European Journal of Mineralogy, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 195-212.
Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A., Landis, G., Rye, R., 1997, Ore fluids at the Getchell, Carlin-type gold deposit, North-central Nevada: , in Carlin-Type Gold Deposits Field Conference, Vikre, P., Thompson, T.B., Bettles, K., Christensen, O., and Parratt, R. eds. , SEG Guidebook Series, vol. 28, pp. 155-166.
Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A.H., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 1997, Carlin-type gold deposits--Products of Magmatism?: AIME 126th Annual Meeting, Technical Program, 1 p.
Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A.H., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 1996, Stable isotope and fluid inclusion evidence for a deep-sourced ore fluid at the Getchell, Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada: PACROFI 1996, 4 pp.
Daliran, F., Hofstra, A., Walther, J., and Stuben, D., 2002, Agdarreh & Zarshuran SRHDG Deposits, Takab Region, NW Iran: in Topical Session 7. Diverse Origins of Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits: A Global Perspective, chaired by Albert H. Hofstra: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 34, no. 6, p. 141. View Daliran GSA abstract.
Hofstra, A.H. and Cline, J.S., 2000, Characteristics and models for Carlin-type gold deposits, Chapter 5, in Hagemann, S. G. and Brown, P.E., eds., Gold In 2000: Reviews in Economic Geology, vol. 13, pp. 163-220.
Hofstra A., Korpös L., Johnson C., Christiansen W., 1999, Stable isotopic study of the Rudabönya iron mine: a carbonate-hosted siderite, barite, base-metal sulfide replacement deposit: Geologica Hungarica Serie Geologica, vol. 24, pp. 295-302.
Percival, T.J. and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Alsar district, Macedonia: Pliocene SRHDG mineralization associated with shoshonitic magamtism: in Topical Session 7. Diverse Origins of Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits: A Global Perspective, chaired by Albert H. Hofstra: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 34, no. 6, p. 142. View Percival GSA abstract 1.
Percival, T.J. and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Bau, Malaysia: SRHDG deposit associated with Miocene magmatism: in Topical Session 7. Diverse Origins of Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits: A Global Perspective, chaired by Albert H. Hofstra: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 34, no. 6, p. 142. View Percival GSA abstract 2.
Turner, S.J., Garwin, S.A., and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Mesel SRHDG deposit and low-sulfidation gold veins in the Ratatotok district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia: in Topical Session 7. Diverse Origins of Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits: A Global Perspective, chaired by Albert H. Hofstra: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 34, no. 6, p. 141. View Turner GSA abstract.
Zimbelman, D.R., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 2000, Fumaroles in ice caves on the summit of Mount Rainier - preliminary stable isotope, gas, and geochemical studies: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 97, no. 1-4, pp. 457-473.

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Task 5 - Fluid inclusion - noble gas isotope geochemistry

Presentation

Farmer, A., Abril, M., Bern, C., Fernandez, M., Kester, C., Landis, G., Ridley, I., Rye, R., and Torres, J., 2004, Identifying South American Wintering Sites of Migratory Shorebirds: A Case for Multiple Stable Isotope and Trace Element Analyses, in 4th Conference on Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies, Wellington, New Zealand, Abstracts with Program, p. 56.

Reports

Landis, G.P., Snee, L.W., and Juliani, C., 2004, Evaluation of argon ages and integrity of fluid inclusion compositions: stepwise noble-gas heating experiments on 1.87 Ga alunite from Tapajos Province, Brazil: Chemical Geology, vol. 215, no. 1-4, pp.127-153.
Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite: Chemical Geology, vol. 215, no. 1-4, pp. 155-184.

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Task 6 - Stable isotope analytical services

Reports Delivered

Benson, L., Kashgarian, M., Rye, R., Lund, S., Paillet, F., Smoot, J., Kester, C., Mensing, S., Meko, D., and Lindstrom, S., 2002, Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada: Quaternary Science Reviews 21, pp. 659-682.
Brundard, K.L., Munakata-Marr, J., Johnson, C.A., and Mandernack, K.W., 2003, Stable carbon isotope fractionation of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene during co-metabolic degradation by methanotrophic bacteria: Chemical Geology, vol. 204, Issues 3-4, pp. 201-214.
Friedman, I., Bischoff, J.L., Johnson, C.A., Tyler, S.W., and Fitts, J.P., 1997, Movement and diffusion of pore fluids in Owens Lake sediments from core OL-92 as shown by salinity and deuterium-hydrogen ratios, Geological Society of America Special Paper 317, pp. 49-66.
Friedman, I., Harris, J.M., Smith, G.I., and Johnson, C.A., 2002, Stable isotope composition of waters in the Great Basin, United States, 1. Air-mass trajectories: Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D19), 4400. View Friedman abstract 1.
Friedman, I., Smith, G.I., Johnson, C.A., and Moscoti, R.J., 2002, Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States, 2. Modern precipitation: Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (D19), 4401. View Friedman abstract 2.
Johnson, C.A., Mast, M.A., and Kester, C.L., 2001, Use of ¹⁷O/¹⁶O and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O to trace atmospheric sulfate in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains: Geophysical Research Letters 28 (23): pp. 4483-4486.
Kelley, K.D., Leach, D.L., Johnson, C.A., 1999, Sulfur, oxygen, and carbon isotope studies of Ag-Pb- Zn vein-breccia occurrences, sulfide-bearing concretions, and barite deposits in the north-central Brooks Range with comparisons to shale-hosted stratiform massive sulfide deposits, in Kelley, K.D., and Gough, L.P., eds., Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1615, pp. 189-201.
Mast, M.A., Turk, J.T., Ingersoll, G.P., Clow, D.W., and Kester, C.L., 2001, Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks: Atmospheric Environment 35, pp. 3303-3313.
Otton, J.K., Zielinski, R.A., and Johnson, C.A., 2005, Origin of saline soils in the Front Range area north of Denver, Colorado, Chapter D, in Fishman, N.S., ed., Energy resource studies, northern Front Range, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1698, pp. 73-87.
Smith, G.I., Friedman, I., Veronda, G., and Johnson, C.A., 2002, Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States, 3. Comparison of ground waters with modern precipitation: Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (D19), 4402. View Smith abstract.
Taylor, C.D., Newkirk, S.R., Hall, T.E., Lear, K.G., Premo, W.R., Leventhal, J.S., Meier, A.L., Johnson, C.A., and Harris, A.G., 1999, The Greens Creek deposit, southeastern Alaska: a VMS-SEDEX hybrid, in Mineral Deposits, Processes to Processing, Stanley, C.J., et al., eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 597-600.
Verma, M.P., Fernandez, M.E., Quijano, J.L., Johnson, C., and Gerardo- Abaya, J.Y., 1999, Chemical and isotopic monitoring of rainfall around the Los Azufres and Los Humeros geothermal systems: preliminary results: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, pp. 731-735.
Zielinski, R.A., Asher-Bolinder, S., Meier, A.L., Johnson, C.A., and Szabo, B.J., 1997, Natural or fertilizer-derived uranium in irrigation drainage: a case study in southeastern Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, vol. 12, pp. 9-21.
Zielinski, R.A., Otton, J.K., and Johnson,C.A., 2000, Identifying sources of salinity near a coal mine spoil pile, north-central Colorado: Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 30, pp. 1237-1248.
Zielinski, R.A., Johnson, C.A., and Adams, J.L., 2005, Use of sulfur isotopes to monitor dissolved sulfate derived from a fly ash emplacement site, north-central Colorado: Proceedings Volume, World of Coal Ash Conference, April 11-15, 2005, Lexington, KY, http://www.flyash.info

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Task 7 - Stable isotope technique development by continuous flow IRMS methods

No products listed for this task.

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Task 8 - Development of ion microprobe and laser techniques for stable isotope studies

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Task 9 - Transfer of life cycle of mineral resources stable isotope technology to BRD and WRD

Posters Delivered

Barros, N.B.., Ostrom, P.H., Stricker, C.A. and Wells, R.S., Bottlenose dolphin population differentiation and trophic studies using carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotopes and stomach content analyses.
Iko, W.M., Kester, C.L., Bern, C.R., Rey, C., Stendell, R.C., and Rye, R.O., 2002, Comparison of Current and Historic White-tailed Kite Food Web Dynamics From Various Habitats in California Using Stable Isotope Analysis: Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies, Third Intenational Conference, p. 92.
Rea, L.D., Pitcher, K.W., Steagall, V.K., Farley, S.D., Pitcher, K.W., Rye, R.O., Kester, C.L., and Bern, C.R., Changes in carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in Stellar sealion vibrissae as a biochemical marker for weaning, USGS.
Rye, R.O., Schwartz, C.C., Kester, C.L., Shannon Podruzny, S.A., Shanks, W.C., Gunther, K.A., and Crock, J.G., 2002, Reconnaissance stable isotope and mercury trace element studies of grizzly bears and their foods in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Applications of Stable Isotopes to Ecological Studies, Third International Conference, p. 140.
Steagall, V.K., Farley, S.D., Rea, L.D., Pitcher, K.W., Rye, R.O., Kester, C.L., Bern, C.R., Stable isotope comparisons of Alaska steller sea lion mik, serum and vibrissae: investigating nutritional independence and trophic dynamics.

Presentations Delivered

Farmer, A., Abril, M., Bern, C., Fernandez, M., Kester, C., Ridley, I., Rye, R.O., Torres, J., 2004, Identifying South American wintering sites of migratory shorebirds: a case for multiple stable isotope and trace element analyses: Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies, Fourth International Conference, Program and abstracts p. 56.
Farmer, A.H., Rye, R.O., Landis, G.P., and Bern, C.R., 2002, Tracing the pathways of neotropical migratory shorebirds using stable isotopes: Applications of Stable isotope Techniques to Ecological studies, Third International Conference, p. 66.
Stricker, C.A., G.R. Guntenspergen, R.O. Rye, M. Marot, and W.C. Johnson, Prairie wetland sediment records: can stable isotopes detail hydroperiod and climate variability?
Stricker, C.A., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Linking food webs and biogeochemical processes in wetlands: insights from sulfur isotopes: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 86, no. 18, Suppl., Abstract H44A-03.
Stricker, C.A., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Rye, R.O., 2003, Sulfur cycling dynamics and hydrologic interactions among prairie wetlands; the influence of landscape position and hydroperiod: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol. 35, no. 6, p. 272. View Stricker GSA abstract.
Wunder, M.B., and Knopf, F.L., Avian migration: promises and pitfalls.

Reports Delivered

Kester, C.L., Rye, R.O., Johnson, C.A., Schwartz, C.C, and Holmes, C., 2001, On-line sulfur isotope analysis of organic matter by direct combustion: preliminary results and potential applications: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Sciences, vol. 37, pp. 53-65.
C.A. Stricker, Stable Isotope Reconnaissance of Forested Wetland Source Waters in Cape May County, NJ.
Water Quality in Camp Far West reservoir, Nevada, Placer, and Yuba Counties, California, 2001-2003, USGS.

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Mineral Resources	Eastern / Central / Western / Alaska / Minerals Information
Mineral Resources	Crustal Imaging & Characterization / Spatial Data